The Struggle for the Crown: The Hundred Years’ War and Its Legacy Introduction: Why Did Two Nations Fight for Over a Century? The Hundred Years’ War, waged intermittently between France and England from the 14th to the early 15th century, was far more than just a protracted conflict. …
The Struggle for the Crown: The Hundred Years’ War and Its Legacy Introduction: Why Did Two Nations Fight for Over a Century? The Hundred Years’ War, waged intermittently between France and England from the 14th to the early 15th century, was fa…
The Myth of Japanese Management: The Life and Philosophy of Konosuke Matsushita Introduction: From Impoverished Boy to “God of Management” Konosuke Matsushita, widely revered as the “God of Management” and a symbolic figure of Japan’s economic a…
The Physics of Interstellar Christopher Nolan’s 2014 film Interstellar is as much a work of physics as it is of cinema. Guided by Nobel laureate Kip Thorne, the film’s depiction of black holes, time dilation, and even speculative concepts like w…
Who Killed Schrödinger’s Cat? Inside a sealed box, a cat has a 50% chance of surviving. Its fate is tied to a single atom: depending on the atom’s state, a vial of poison may or may not be released. So is the culprit the atom? Or half of it? The …
Where Did All of Earth’s Water Come From? A few years ago, I came across a science illustration that stopped me in my tracks. It showed, in a single glance, how much water exists on Earth. We know that water covers 75% of our planet’s surface, so…
E = mc² — Was It Really Einstein’s Alone? Austria produced two towering figures in modern physics: Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906), father of statistical mechanics and author of the famous equation S = k log W , and Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), wh…
Black Holes: Cosmic Giants That Swallow Light Almost everyone has heard the term “black hole.” To us, it evokes an image of a terrifying cosmic object from which not even light can escape—a monster that devours everything in its path. But how are…
The Dark Rulers of the Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy Dark matter, making up 26.8% of the universe, is now being hunted in an underground lab beneath a mountain in Gangwon Province. Dark energy, which accounts for 68.3% of the cosmos and …
Introduction: A Leader Born from a Complex Ethnic Background Josip Broz Tito was born on May 7, 1892, in Kumrovec, located in what is now the border region between Croatia and Slovenia. He was the son of a poor farmer, with his father being Croati…
In 1986, the Reagan administration faced a major crisis with the Iran-Contra Affair , a scandal that rocked U.S. foreign policy and violated international law. This event began with the revelation of a covert operation in which the United States …
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